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Trần Hưng Đạo (陳興道) (1228 – 1300) was the Vietnamese military Grand Commander and Grand Duke of Thang Long during the Trần Dynasty who is revered as a national hero. more...

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Born as Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻), he commanded the Dai Viet (Đại Việt) armies that repelled three major Mongol invasions in the 13th century. His multiple victories over the mighty Mongol Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan are considered among the greatest military feats in world history. General Trần Hưng Đạo's military brilliance and prowess is reflected in his many treatises on warfare and he is considered one of the most accomplished generals in history.

Origins

Trần Quốc Tuấn had just been born just after the Trần Dynasty replaced the Lý Dynasty in 1225 AD, when the last Lý monarch Lý Chiêu Hoàng Đế abdicated the throne in favour of her husband Trần Thái Tông many in the Lý royal family blamed the Trần for usurping and in particular, Imperial Regent Trần Thủ Độ its architect. Trần Quốc Tuấn was born to Grand Duke Trần Liễu, the older brother of the new emperor, Trần Thái Tông. That same year, Trần Liễu being the Empress Ly Chieu Hoang's brother-in-law at the time was forced to defer his own wife (Tran Hung Dao's mother) to his younger brother Emperor Thái Tông under pressure from Imperial Regent Trần Thủ Độ in order to solidify Trần family's role in the imperial government. Trần Liễu and Emperor Trần Thái Tông both harboured a grudges against their uncle Trần Thủ Độ for the forceful arrangement. Trần Quốc Tuấn, his father, and Emperor Trần Thái Tông had a very close relationship. Liễu would find great tutors to teach his son Trần Quốc Tuấn with the hope of one day becoming a great leader of Đại Việt and regaining his family's honour. On his deathbed, Liễu told his son to avenge what he felt was personal shame forced upon him and his brother by the Imperial Regent.

The second Mongol invasion

In 1285, Kublai Khan demanded passage through the Kingdom of Đại Việt (in northern Vietnam) for his Yuan army on their invasion of the kingdom of Champa. When Đại Việt's Emperor Trần Nhân Tông refused, the Mongol army, led by Prince Toghan, attacked Đại Việt and seized the capital Thăng Long (modern day Hanoi). The Vietnamese retreated to the south after burning off most of their crops and facilities. Trần Hưng Đạo and other generals escorted the Royal Court, staying just ahead of the Mongol army in hot pursuit. When the Mongol army had been worn down with tropical diseases and lack of supplies, Trần Hưng Đạo launched a counter-offensive. Most of the battles were on the waterfronts, where the Mongols could not use their cavalry strength. Mongol commander Sogetu of the southern front was killed in the battle. In their withdrawal from Đại Việt, the Mongols were also attacked by the Hmong and Yao minorities in the northern regions.

Read more at Wikipedia.org